OSHA Recordkeeping Standard
link29 CFR 1904
Defines work-relatedness (29 CFR 1904.5) and recording criteria (1904.7) for the OSHA 300 log
🇺🇸 United States 🇺🇸 United States · BLS SOII · OSHA recordkeeping 1904 · NIOSH surveillance
Occupational disease catalogue
There is no unified federal occupational-disease list in the US — unlike the UK's IIDB Prescribed Diseases (PD A1–D12) or Spain's closed-list RD 1299/2006. This catalogue is a synthesis of 70 occupational diseases built from BLS SOII + OSHA 29 CFR 1904 recordkeeping + NIOSH surveillance, bound to ICD-10-CM codes and 50-state workers'-compensation presumption variation.
chemical: 20physical: 6biological: 11pneumoconioses asthma hp: 11skin: 5cancer: 9wmsd us specific: 5mental health us specific: 3
No unified federal list — fragmentation is the US characteristic
There is no U.S. federal equivalent to Spain's RD 1299/2006 closed-list catalog. Work-relatedness is determined case-by-case under state workers' compensation laws (50 systems) and OSHA recordkeeping.
This fragmentation is structural, not an anomaly: work-relatedness is decided case-by-case across 50 state workers'-comp systems, layered on OSHA recordkeeping and federal surveillance.
Primary regulatory anchors
The federal surveillance + recordkeeping scaffolding that replaces a single statutory list.
OSHA Toxic and Hazardous Substances
link29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z
Substance-specific PELs and surveillance triggers
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
link29 CFR 1910.1030
BBP HBV/HCV/HIV exposures
BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
linkBureau of Labor Statistics SOII
Annual surveillance; 7 illness categories on Form 300
NIOSH Work-Related Lung Disease (WoRLD) Surveillance System
linkNIOSH WoRLD
Surveillance of asbestos, coal, silica, beryllium, asthma, HP
ICD-10-CM External Cause Codes
linkY96 (Work environment), Z57.x (Occupational exposure)
Diagnostic coding for occupational nature
World Trade Center Health Program (Zadroga Act)
linkJames Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act
Federally-funded health monitoring for 9/11 responders/survivors
Department of Energy Former Worker Medical Surveillance Program (FWP)
linkEEOICPA + DOE FWP
DOE nuclear weapons / energy workers
Black Lung Benefits Act
link30 USC §901 et seq.
Coal miner pneumoconiosis benefits administered by OWCP
OSHA Form 300 — illness columns
- M(1) Skin disorder
- M(2) Respiratory condition
- M(3) Poisoning
- M(4) Hearing loss
- M(5) All other illnesses
29 CFR 1904 records work-related cases but does NOT enumerate diseases.
Default notification pathways
- ▸Employer OSHA 300/300A/301 if recordable per 29 CFR 1904.7
- ▸BLS SOII annual survey response (sampled employers only)
- ▸State workers' compensation claim filing (employee-initiated; state-specific timelines)
- ▸CDC NNDSS / state public health if reportable infectious disease
- ▸NIOSH HHE (Health Hazard Evaluation) request — employer or employee may initiate
- ▸OSHA Severe Injury Reporting (1904.39): in-patient hospitalization within 24 hours; amputations and eye loss within 24 hours; fatalities within 8 hours
Group 1 — Diseases caused by chemical agents 20 entries
1A01
M(3) Poisoning Arsenic and inorganic compounds
1A METALSArsenicism (chronic): peripheral neuropathy, dyskeratosis, hyperpigmentation, anemia; lung/skin/bladder cancer in Group 6
OSHA PEL 10 ug/m3 TWA (29 CFR 1910.1018) NIOSH REL C 2 ug/m3 15-min ceiling
ICD-10-CM T57.0X1A · T57.0X4A · Z57.4 · Z77.018
Key exposures: Smelting of copper, lead, zinc with arsenic-containing ores; Semiconductor (GaAs) manufacturing; Pesticide / herbicide / wood preservative manufacture (CCA, MSMA); Glass industry decolorization; Coal-fired power plant cleanup; Mining of arsenic-bearing ores
Biological markers: Urinary arsenic (sum of inorganic + monomethyl + dimethyl species) — BEI 35 ug/L (referenced; ACGIH copyright); Hair/nail arsenic — environmental indicator only, not biological monitoring
NIOSH: ABLES (focused on lead but ABLES network used for some As cluster investigations); NHANES population reference
Notification: OSHA 300 M(3); state WC; CDC NIOSH consultation if cluster
1A02
M(2) Respiratory Beryllium and compounds
1A METALSChronic Beryllium Disease (CBD), beryllium sensitization (BeS), acute beryllium pneumonitis
OSHA PEL 0.2 ug/m3 TWA + 2 ug/m3 STEL (29 CFR 1910.1024 — updated 2017) NIOSH REL 0.05 ug/m3 ceiling 15-min
ICD-10-CM J63.2 · Z57.5 · T56.7X1A
Key exposures: Beryllium machining (aerospace, electronics); Nuclear weapons component manufacture (DOE sites); Dental laboratory work with Be alloys; Ceramics manufacture; Metal recycling
Biological markers: Beryllium Lymphocyte Proliferation Test (BeLPT) — definitive screen for sensitization
NIOSH: DOE FWP includes BeLPT; CBD listed in NIOSH WoRLD pneumoconiosis category
Notification: OSHA 300 M(2); DOE FWP if DOE-related; state WC; EEOICPA claim if DOE/AWE site exposure
1A03
M(2) Respiratory or M(3) Poisoning Cadmium and compounds
1A METALSCadmium nephropathy (tubular proteinuria), pulmonary disease (acute pneumonitis, chronic), itai-itai-like osteomalacia; lung/prostate cancer in Group 6
OSHA PEL 5 ug/m3 TWA (29 CFR 1910.1027) NIOSH REL Lowest feasible concentration (carcinogen)
ICD-10-CM N14.3 · J68.0 · T56.3X1A
Key exposures: Battery manufacture (NiCd); Electroplating; Pigment manufacture (CdS, CdSe); Brazing/soldering with Cd-containing alloys; PVC stabilizer manufacture; Solar cell (CdTe) manufacture; Smelting/refining of zinc, lead, copper
Biological markers: Cadmium in blood (CdB) — recent exposure; Cadmium in urine (CdU) — body burden, normalize to creatinine; Beta-2-microglobulin in urine — early renal effect; Retinol-binding protein urine
NIOSH: Cadmium monitoring required by OSHA 1910.1027 for exposed workers
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1A04
M(2) Respiratory or M(1) Skin Chromium VI (hexavalent)
1A METALSCr(VI) ulcerations (nasal septum perforation), allergic contact dermatitis, asthma; sinonasal/lung cancer in Group 6
OSHA PEL 5 ug/m3 TWA (29 CFR 1910.1026 — 2006 standard) NIOSH REL 0.2 ug/m3 TWA
ICD-10-CM J68.2 · J30.81 · L23.0 · T56.2X1A
Key exposures: Electroplating (hard chrome); Stainless steel welding (especially MIG/MMA); Leather tanning; Chromate pigment manufacture; Wood preservation (CCA); Cement and concrete (trace Cr(VI))
Biological markers: Urinary chromium end-of-shift end-of-workweek
NIOSH: OSHA medical surveillance if exposure >=action level (2.5 ug/m3)
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1A05
M(3) Poisoning Lead (inorganic, Pb)
1A METALSPlumbism: peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, anemia (microcytic/hypochromic), nephropathy, hypertension, reproductive effects, lead colic
OSHA PEL 50 ug/m3 TWA general industry (29 CFR 1910.1025) — under revision; Cal/OSHA tightened 2024 to 10 ug/m3 NIOSH REL <=50 ug/m3 TWA but recommends much lower
ICD-10-CM T56.0X1A · T56.0X4A · G62.2
Key exposures: Battery manufacture and recycling; Lead smelting/refining; Construction trades — abrasive blasting, demolition, welding of painted steel; Firing ranges (commercial and indoor); Radiator repair (legacy); Pottery and stained glass (legacy); Bridge / steel structure painting / abatement; Ammunition manufacture; Lead-based paint abatement
Biological markers: Blood lead level (BLL) — primary surveillance test; Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP); ALA-D erythrocyte (research); Urinary lead — limited utility
Medical removal: OSHA general industry: BLL >=60 ug/dL (or 3 consecutive >=50). Construction: >=50 (or 3 >=40). NIOSH/CDC ABLES recommends action at BLL >=5 ug/dL. CDC CDC adult reference BLL is <3.5 ug/dL (2021 update from 5).
NIOSH: ABLES (Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance) — CDC funded in ~30 states
Notification: OSHA 300 M(3); state ABLES program; state WC
State workers'-comp overlays (3)
- US-CA — Cal/OSHA PEL lowered to 10 ug/m3 TWA; action level 2 ug/m3; medical removal at BLL >=20 ug/dL; mandatory BLL testing at lower thresholds Cal/OSHA 8 CCR 5198 final rule (Standards Board approved Feb 15, 2024; effective Jan 1, 2025) · applies when: employer in California
- US-NY — Mandatory BLL reporting by labs >=5 ug/dL adults; state surveillance follow-up NY ABLES program (NYSDOH) · applies when: lab in NY
- US-MI — Enhanced lead surveillance for Flint exposure cohort; MDHHS coordination; pediatric BLL surveillance separate from adult occupational. Adult occupational lead surveillance follows OSHA 1910.1025; Flint-specific public health follow-up overlaps MI Flint Water Crisis (2014-present) + MDHHS lead surveillance · applies when: MI worker or resident with Flint exposure history (occupational + environmental overlap)
1A06
M(3) Poisoning Mercury (elemental, inorganic, organic)
1A METALSMercurialism: erethism, tremor, gingivitis (elemental); methylmercury — neurologic (cerebellar/visual); inorganic — nephropathy; acrodynia (children)
OSHA PEL 0.1 mg/m3 ceiling for organomercury; 0.05 mg/m3 vapor TWA (Subpart Z) NIOSH REL 0.05 mg/m3 TWA vapor
ICD-10-CM T56.1X1A · G62.2 · N14.3
Key exposures: Dental amalgam preparation (legacy and current low-level); Thermometer/barometer manufacture (legacy); Chlor-alkali plants (largely closed by 2013); Gold mining (artisanal — DOE/state cleanup workers); Fluorescent lamp recycling; Mining of cinnabar (legacy); Hg-containing waste disposal
Biological markers: Urinary mercury (Hg-U) — body burden inorganic + elemental; Blood mercury (Hg-B) — methylmercury preferred
NIOSH: Some state biomonitoring programs
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; CDC NCHS NHANES population reference
1A07
M(3) Poisoning Manganese
1A METALSManganism: parkinsonian syndrome (resting tremor less prominent than idiopathic PD; gait disturbance and cock-walk; psychiatric prodrome)
OSHA PEL 5 mg/m3 ceiling fume (Subpart Z) NIOSH REL 1 mg/m3 TWA + 3 mg/m3 STEL
ICD-10-CM T57.2X1A · G21.8
Key exposures: Welding (especially of mild and stainless steel — fume contains Mn); Dry battery manufacture; Ferromanganese alloy production; Mn ore mining and milling; Welder's grinding
Biological markers: Blood Mn (limited specificity); MRI brain T1-weighted globus pallidus hyperintensity (biological effect, not biomarker proper)
NIOSH: Welding fume surveillance under multiple substance-specific NIOSH bulletins
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1A08
M(1) Skin or M(2) Respiratory Nickel (sensitization)
1A METALSNickel allergic contact dermatitis; respiratory sensitization. (Nickel refining / inhaled compound carcinogens in Group 6)
OSHA PEL 1 mg/m3 TWA (metal and soluble compounds) NIOSH REL 0.015 mg/m3 TWA (carcinogen)
ICD-10-CM L23.0 · J45.998 · T56.891A
Key exposures: Nickel plating; Stainless steel manufacture and welding; Coin handling (cashiers — non-occupational mostly); Jewelry making; Battery manufacture (NiCd, NiMH)
Biological markers: Patch testing for sensitization (clinical, not surveillance)
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1B01
M(3) Poisoning or M(2) Benzene
1B ORGANIC SOLVENTS — AROMATICAplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, pancytopenia. (Acute leukemia in Group 6.)
OSHA PEL 1 ppm TWA + 5 ppm STEL (29 CFR 1910.1028) NIOSH REL 0.1 ppm TWA + 1 ppm 60-min ceiling (carcinogen)
ICD-10-CM D61.2 · T52.1X1A · Z57.5
Key exposures: Petroleum refining (BTX recovery); Coke oven operations; Rubber manufacturing; Solvent use in industry (largely phased out as bulk solvent); Gasoline distribution and retail (low-level); Chemical manufacture using benzene intermediates
Biological markers: Urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA); Urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) — more specific
NIOSH: OSHA 1910.1028 medical surveillance required >=action level
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1B02
M(3) Poisoning Toluene
1B ORGANIC SOLVENTS — AROMATICToluene encephalopathy (chronic — cognitive decline, cerebellar dysfunction), acute CNS depression, ototoxicity (synergistic with noise)
OSHA PEL 200 ppm TWA + 300 ppm ceiling + 500 ppm max peak (Subpart Z) NIOSH REL 100 ppm TWA + 150 ppm STEL
ICD-10-CM G92 · T52.2X1A · H93.099
Key exposures: Paint and lacquer manufacture and application; Adhesive manufacture (especially in shoe and leather); Printing; Solvent abuse occupational settings (rare but documented); Toluene-based degreasing
Biological markers: Urinary o-cresol — preferred specific; Urinary hippuric acid — non-specific (also from food)
Ototoxicity: NIOSH ototoxicity flag — toluene exposure synergizes with noise; consider co-surveillance audiometry
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1B03
M(3) Poisoning Styrene
1B ORGANIC SOLVENTS — AROMATICStyrene encephalopathy, ototoxicity, reproductive effects. (Probable carcinogen IARC 2B — group 6 if confirmed.)
OSHA PEL 100 ppm TWA + 200 ppm ceiling + 600 ppm peak (Subpart Z) NIOSH REL 50 ppm TWA + 100 ppm STEL
ICD-10-CM G92 · T52.4X1A
Key exposures: Glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) lay-up (boat, bathtub, automotive parts); Polystyrene manufacturing; Synthetic rubber (SBR) production; Resin and composite work
Biological markers: Urinary mandelic acid + phenylglyoxylic acid (end-of-shift)
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1C01
M(3) Poisoning n-Hexane
1C ORGANIC SOLVENTS — ALIPHATICDistal symmetric sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy (legs first, ascending). Visual impairment in severe cases.
OSHA PEL 500 ppm TWA (Subpart Z — outdated) NIOSH REL 50 ppm TWA
ICD-10-CM G62.2 · T52.0X1A
Key exposures: Shoe and leather adhesive manufacture; Furniture finishing; Printing solvent; Vegetable oil extraction (refineries); Auto repair shop solvent use
Biological markers: Urinary 2,5-hexanedione (end-of-shift, end-of-workweek)
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1C02
M(3) Poisoning Methylene chloride (dichloromethane, DCM)
1C ORGANIC SOLVENTS — ALIPHATICAcute CNS depression, COHb elevation (metabolism to CO), hepatic effects. Banned from consumer paint stripper 2019. (IARC 2A; cancer in Group 6.)
OSHA PEL 25 ppm TWA + 125 ppm STEL (29 CFR 1910.1052) NIOSH REL Lowest feasible (carcinogen)
ICD-10-CM T53.4X1A · G92
Key exposures: Paint stripping (commercial only as of EPA 2019 rule); Pharmaceutical manufacture; Adhesive and aerosol manufacture; Plastics processing
Biological markers: COHb at end-of-shift; Urinary DCM
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; EPA reporting for commercial paint strip
1C03
M(3) Poisoning Trichloroethylene (TCE)
1C ORGANIC SOLVENTS — CHLORINATEDLiver injury, renal effects, dermatitis. IARC Group 1 — kidney cancer in Group 6.
OSHA PEL 100 ppm TWA + 200 ppm ceiling + 300 ppm peak (Subpart Z) NIOSH REL Lowest feasible (carcinogen)
ICD-10-CM K71.3 · T53.2X1A
Key exposures: Metal degreasing (largely phased out post-2000 in U.S.); Solvent in adhesives; Dry cleaning (PCE/perc primarily but TCE secondary); Aerospace cleaning operations
Biological markers: Urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCA); Urinary trichloroethanol
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; EPA TSCA risk evaluation 2020 -- restrictions advancing
1D01
M(2) Respiratory or M(1) Skin Formaldehyde (HCHO)
1D FORMALDEHYDE & ALDEHYDESIrritant contact dermatitis, asthma, allergic contact dermatitis. IARC Group 1 — nasopharyngeal cancer + myeloid leukemia in Group 6.
OSHA PEL 0.75 ppm TWA + 2 ppm STEL (29 CFR 1910.1048) NIOSH REL 0.016 ppm TWA + 0.1 ppm ceiling 15-min (carcinogen)
ICD-10-CM L23.5 · J68.3 · T59.2X1A
Key exposures: Anatomy / pathology laboratories (embalming, tissue fixation); Mortuary work; Particle board / plywood / OSB manufacture; Textile finishing (permanent press); Foundry core-making (phenol-formaldehyde resin)
Biological markers: No reliable biomarker; environmental measurement primary
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1D02
M(2) or M(1) Glutaraldehyde
1D FORMALDEHYDE & ALDEHYDESOccupational asthma, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, conjunctivitis
OSHA PEL None federal — ACGIH TLV 0.05 ppm ceiling (referenced; copyright) NIOSH REL 0.2 ppm ceiling
ICD-10-CM J45.998 · L23.5 · H10.45
Key exposures: High-level disinfection of endoscopes / instruments in healthcare; Cold sterilization solutions; X-ray film developing (legacy); Embalming
Biological markers: None standardized
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1E01
M(2) Respiratory Diisocyanates (TDI, MDI, HDI)
1E ISOCYANATESOccupational asthma (LMW sensitizer), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis, contact dermatitis
OSHA PEL TDI 0.02 ppm ceiling; HDI/MDI fall under general dust/mist NIOSH REL 0.005 ppm TWA + 0.02 ppm 10-min ceiling (TDI)
ICD-10-CM J45.998 · J67.8 · J30.81
Key exposures: Polyurethane foam manufacture (rigid and flexible); Spray-applied polyurethane insulation (SPF); Automotive painting (urethane clear coats); Adhesive manufacture; Coatings application; Cast-elastomer manufacture
Biological markers: Urinary TDA / MDA (diamine metabolites); Specific IgE / IgG antibody (limited clinical)
NIOSH: Spray polyurethane foam industry HHEs
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
1F01
M(3) Poisoning Carbon monoxide (CO)
1F OXIDESAcute CO poisoning (hypoxic encephalopathy), chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae
OSHA PEL 50 ppm TWA (Subpart Z) NIOSH REL 35 ppm TWA + 200 ppm ceiling
ICD-10-CM T58.01XA · T58.91XA · G93.41
Key exposures: Indoor use of fuel-powered equipment (forklifts, generators, pressure washers); Firefighting (smoke inhalation); Auto repair (running engines indoors); Charcoal production; Iron and steel foundry / blast furnace; Mining
Biological markers: Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) — venous or arterial; SpCO via co-oximetry; Reference: nonsmoker <2%, smoker <10%
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; OSHA 1904.39 reporting if hospitalization
1F02
M(3) Poisoning Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
1F OXIDESAcute H2S poisoning (knockdown / respiratory paralysis), chronic neurocognitive effects, ocular irritation (keratoconjunctivitis 'gas eye')
OSHA PEL 20 ppm ceiling + 50 ppm peak 10-min once per shift (Subpart Z) NIOSH REL 10 ppm ceiling 10-min
ICD-10-CM T59.6X1A · G92
Key exposures: Oil and gas extraction (sour crude); Confined space entry — sewers, manholes, tanks; Pulp and paper kraft mill; Hog/swine manure pits (lethal incidents documented); Hot springs work; Rendering plants; Tannery work
Biological markers: Urinary thiosulfate (acute, post-exposure)
Notification: OSHA 300; OSHA 1904.39 (fatalities common); state WC
1G01
M(3) Poisoning Organophosphate and carbamate pesticides (cholinesterase inhibitors)
1G PESTICIDESAcute cholinergic syndrome (SLUDGE/Killer B's), intermediate syndrome, OPIDN (organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy)
OSHA PEL Substance-specific; EPA WPS (Worker Protection Standard 40 CFR 170) is primary regulatory hook NIOSH REL Substance-specific
ICD-10-CM T60.0X1A · T60.0X4A · G62.2
Key exposures: Agricultural pesticide application (chlorpyrifos restricted in food crops 2021 EPA, partially reinstated 2024); Vector control (mosquito spraying — malathion); Greenhouse work; Veterinary use (livestock dipping — legacy); Termite control (organophosphates restricted)
Biological markers: Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) — baseline pre-season + during season; Plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) — less specific; Urinary dialkyl phosphates
NIOSH: California SENSOR-Pesticides program; CDC NIOSH pesticide registry
Notification: OSHA 300; state pesticide regulatory authority; EPA WPS; state WC
State workers'-comp overlays (2)
- US-CA — Mandatory AChE testing for Category I/II OP/Carbamate handlers; mandatory baseline + during season testing protocol CA Code of Regs Title 3 §6728-6739; Cal/OSHA + DPR coordinate · applies when: agricultural pesticide handler in CA
- US-FL — FDACS enforces EPA WPS; cholinesterase testing voluntary in FL FDACS rules + farmworker WPS · applies when: FL agricultural pesticide handler
Group 2 — Diseases caused by physical agents 6 entries
2A01
M(4) Hearing loss (defined: STS + >=25 dB above audiometric zero in averaged 2/3/4 kHz) Occupational noise (continuous, impact, impulse)
2A NOISENoise-induced hearing loss (sensorineural, bilateral, symmetric, 4 kHz notch initially), tinnitus
OSHA PEL 90 dBA TWA 8-hr (Action level 85 dBA) — 5 dB exchange rate. NIOSH and ACGIH recommend 85 dBA with 3 dB exchange. OSHA std 29 CFR 1910.95 Hearing Conservation Program; 1926.52 Construction noise
ICD-10-CM H83.3 · H93.13 · Z57.0
Key exposures: Construction (heavy equipment, jackhammers); Manufacturing (stamping, grinding); Mining; Agriculture (tractor cabs improved but still risk); Aviation and aerospace (ground crew, military); Music venues, entertainment; Public safety sirens (EMS/police/fire)
Biological markers: Baseline audiogram + annual audiogram; STS (Standard Threshold Shift) = >=10 dB average 2/3/4 kHz
NIOSH: BLS Annual data; NIOSH surveillance NHIS sub-questions
Notification: OSHA 300 M(4) if STS + at-risk + age-correction applied; state WC
2B01
M(5) Other illness Hand-arm vibration (HAV)
2B VIBRATIONHand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS): vascular (Raynaud's phenomenon vibration-induced 'white finger'), neurologic (paresthesias, dexterity loss), musculoskeletal
OSHA PEL None federal — ACGIH TLV referenced (copyright; not included verbatim) NIOSH REL NIOSH 89-106 criteria document references threshold limit values for exposure-response
ICD-10-CM T75.21XA · I73.00
Key exposures: Chainsaw operators (logging, tree care); Grinder / sander / chipper / impact wrench operators; Pneumatic tool use (construction, manufacturing); Jackhammer operators; Dental hygienists (sustained instrument use)
Biological markers: Cold provocation test; Stockholm Workshop Scale classification (vascular + sensorineural)
NIOSH: NIOSH HAV criteria document 1989; no formal national surveillance
Notification: OSHA 300 M(5); state WC
2C01
M(5) Other or M(2)/M(3) depending on manifestation Ionizing radiation (X-ray, gamma, beta, alpha, neutron)
2C IONIZING RADIATIONAcute radiation syndrome, radiation dermatitis, cataract, hypothyroidism, sterility. Cancer in Group 6.
OSHA std 29 CFR 1910.1096 (general industry); NRC 10 CFR 20 (licensed materials); DOE 10 CFR 835 Limit NRC occupational limit 5 rem (50 mSv)/year whole body; 50 rem lens of eye, 50 rem skin/extremity
ICD-10-CM T66.XXXA · L58.9 · H26.8
Key exposures: Healthcare — interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology; Nuclear power industry; Industrial radiography (NDT); Uranium mining and milling (historical and current); DOE nuclear weapons complex workers; Research labs with radioisotopes
Biological markers: Personal dosimeter (TLD or OSL); Cytogenetic dose reconstruction (lymphocyte chromosomal aberrations) — retrospective
NIOSH: NIOSH-DOE Former Worker Medical Surveillance Program (FWP); SEER linkage for some occupations
Notification: NRC reporting; DOE FWP if DOE-related; OWCP EEOICPA claim for DOE/AWE; state WC
State workers'-comp overlays (1)
- US-CA — Additional state radioactive material licensing program CDPH Radiologic Health Branch + Cal/OSHA 8 CCR 5074-5104 · applies when: CA-licensed radiologic facility
2D01
M(5) Other Occupational heat exposure
2D HEATHeat exhaustion, heat stroke, heat cramps, heat syncope, rhabdomyolysis, AKI
OSHA std No federal OSHA heat standard (OSHA NPRM 'Heat Injury and Illness Prevention' published August 2024 — finalized 2026 expected). General Duty Clause §5(a)(1) used.
ICD-10-CM T67.0XXA · T67.3XXA · T67.5XXA · M62.82 · N17.9
Key exposures: Outdoor agriculture (especially harvest); Construction (especially roofing, asphalt); Warehouse / parcel delivery (high-profile UPS, Amazon issues); Firefighters (structural and wildland); Foundries, glass, kitchens, laundries; Military training
Biological markers: Core temp (if measured) >=104°F (40°C) = heat stroke; AKI markers; Rhabdo: CK >5x ULN; Acclimatization status
NIOSH: NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Heat 2016 update
Notification: OSHA 300 M(5); OSHA 1904.39 if hospitalization or fatality; state WC
State overlays: CA 8 CCR 3395 (outdoor and indoor); OR OAR 437-002-0156; WA WAC 296-307 / 296-62; CO HB22-1248; MN 5205.0110 (indoor)
State workers'-comp overlays (8)
- US-CA — Mandatory water/shade/rest; written program; high-heat procedures >=95°F; indoor temperatures >=82°F trigger Cal/OSHA Heat Illness Prevention Standard 8 CCR 3395 (outdoor 2005, indoor expanded 2024) · applies when: CA outdoor or indoor workplace meeting threshold
- US-FL — State law BLOCKS local heat protections; no state OSH program (federal OSHA applies) FL HB 433 (2024) — preempts local heat illness ordinances · applies when: FL workplace
- US-TX — State law preempts local Austin/Dallas water-break ordinances; no state OSH plan TX HB 2127 (2023) Death Star Act — preempts local heat protections (legal challenges pending) · applies when: TX workplace
- US-NY — No mandatory standard; federal OSHA + General Duty Clause NYS DOL voluntary guidance; no mandatory state standard · applies when: NY workplace
- US-OR — Mandatory rest/water/shade above 80°F + acclimatization + emergency response plans + training; applies indoor + outdoor Oregon OSHA OAR 437-002-0156 (Heat Illness Prevention, effective 2022) · applies when: OR outdoor workplace or indoor heat >=80°F
- US-WA — Mandatory water/shade/rest at ambient >=80°F; mandatory cool-down at >=89°F; mandatory acclimatization WA WAC 296-307 (agriculture) + 296-62 (general industry) Outdoor Heat Exposure (rule updated 2023-2024) · applies when: WA outdoor workplace
- US-MN — Indoor heat exposure standard — WBGT-based limits; UNIQUE among US states for indoor focus Minnesota Rules 5205.0110 (indoor heat exposure) · applies when: MN indoor workplace meeting WBGT threshold
- US-CO — Heat illness prevention for agricultural workers (water/shade/rest + acclimatization); narrower scope than CA/OR/WA CO HB22-1248 (2022) — agricultural heat illness prevention · applies when: CO agricultural outdoor worker
2D02
M(2) Respiratory Occupational wildfire smoke exposure (PM2.5 + ozone + CO + VOCs)
2D HEATAcute respiratory irritation, asthma exacerbation, reduced lung function, cardiovascular events; chronic exposure associations under study
OSHA std No federal OSHA wildfire smoke standard; General Duty Clause §5(a)(1); OSHA NPRM Heat (Aug 2024) does not cover smoke. AQI-based intervention per state standards where they exist.
ICD-10-CM J68.3 · J45.901 · J70.8 · R06.02
Key exposures: Wildland firefighters (highest exposure); Outdoor agricultural workers during fire season; Construction + landscaping outdoor workers; Utility + forestry workers; Outdoor workers in fire-prone regions (West Coast, Mountain West, increasingly Canada-smoke-affected Northeast/Midwest)
Biological markers: Spirometry (FEV1/FVC pre/post season); Symptom + AQI exposure diary; Pulse oximetry during exposure
NIOSH: NIOSH wildland firefighter health studies; CDC/ATSDR PM2.5 health tracking
Notification: OSHA 300 M(2) if work-related respiratory; state WC; state air quality program
State workers'-comp overlays (4)
- US-OR — FIRST comprehensive US state wildfire smoke standard: mandatory respiratory protection + air quality monitoring at AQI >=101 (PM2.5); voluntary respirators at AQI >=51; mandatory training + exposure controls Oregon OSHA OAR 437-002-1080 + 437-004-9000 (Wildfire Smoke rule, 2022) · applies when: OR outdoor workplace during wildfire smoke event
- US-CA — Mandatory respiratory protection (N95) when AQI for PM2.5 >=151; communication + training requirements; applies when employer should reasonably anticipate exposure Cal/OSHA 8 CCR 5141.1 Protection from Wildfire Smoke (2019, first in nation) · applies when: CA outdoor workplace at AQI >=151
- US-WA — Mandatory exposure controls + respiratory protection at elevated AQI thresholds; training + response plan WA WAC 296-820 Wildfire Smoke rule (permanent rule effective 2024) · applies when: WA outdoor workplace during wildfire smoke
- US-AZ — Federal OSHA + ADOSH enforcement under General Duty Clause; no formal state standard AZ ADOSH — no dedicated wildfire smoke standard; General Duty Clause · applies when: AZ outdoor workplace during smoke event
2E01
M(5) Other Hyperbaric/hypobaric exposure
2E PRESSUREDecompression sickness (DCS Type I limb pain, Type II neurologic), arterial gas embolism, dysbaric osteonecrosis, barotrauma
OSHA std 29 CFR 1910.401 Subpart T Commercial Diving Operations
ICD-10-CM T70.3XXA · T70.29XA · M87.81
Key exposures: Commercial diving (oil and gas, salvage); Caisson workers (tunneling); Hyperbaric chamber operators (medical hyperbaric); Aviation (high altitude, U-2 pilots); Astronauts
Biological markers: DCI risk indices, dive computer records, Doppler bubble detection
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; USCG / OSHA Diving Operations reporting
Group 3 — Diseases caused by biological agents 11 entries
3A01
M(5) Other (record bloodborne exposure incident under 1904.8) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) — occupational exposure
3A BLOODBORNEAcute and chronic hepatitis B; chronic liver disease; HCC in Group 6
OSHA std 29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne Pathogens — employer must offer HepB vaccine at no cost + post-exposure follow-up
ICD-10-CM B16.9 · B18.1 · Z20.5 · Z57.5
Key exposures: Healthcare workers — needlesticks, splashes; First responders / EMS; Laboratory workers handling blood/tissue; Mortuary workers; Correctional health staff; Tattoo artists / body piercers; Dialysis patients and staff
Biological markers: HBsAg, anti-HBs (immunity post-vaccine >=10 mIU/mL), anti-HBc (past infection), HBeAg, HBV DNA (replication)
Post-exposure: Per CDC USPHS PEP guidelines: HBV PEP within 24h; HBIG if non-immune source HBsAg+
Notification: OSHA 300; CDC NNDSS (acute HBV is nationally notifiable); state WC; OSHA Sharps Injury Log mandatory under 1910.1030
State workers'-comp overlays (1)
- US-CA — Stricter sharps engineering controls + employee selection process Cal/OSHA 8 CCR 5193 (BBP standard with additional sharps + needleless system mandates) · applies when: CA covered employer
3A02
M(5) Other Hepatitis C virus (HCV) — occupational exposure
3A BLOODBORNEAcute and chronic hepatitis C; cirrhosis; HCC in Group 6
OSHA std 29 CFR 1910.1030 (no vaccine available)
ICD-10-CM B17.10 · B18.2 · Z20.5
Key exposures: Same as HBV — primary needlestick risk in healthcare; also dialysis, tattoo, BBF exposures
Biological markers: Anti-HCV (seroconversion 1-3 months), HCV RNA (acute or active infection)
Post-exposure: Per CDC: no PEP; serial monitoring anti-HCV + RNA at 0, 3, 6 weeks (or HCV RNA at 3-6 weeks), then anti-HCV at 4-6 months. DAA treatment if seroconversion (95%+ cure).
Notification: OSHA 300; CDC NNDSS (acute HCV nationally notifiable since 2016); state WC
3A03
M(5) Other Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) — occupational exposure
3A BLOODBORNEAcute retroviral syndrome (seroconversion illness), AIDS
OSHA std 29 CFR 1910.1030
ICD-10-CM B20 · Z21 · Z20.6
Key exposures: Healthcare needlestick / mucocutaneous BBF exposure (low risk per exposure ~0.3% percutaneous, ~0.1% mucosal); Research lab with HIV concentrates
Biological markers: 4th gen Ag/Ab combo at 0, 6, 12 weeks post-exposure; HIV RNA if symptomatic seroconversion
Post-exposure: USPHS PEP within 72h (preferably <2h): 3-drug regimen (TDF/FTC + raltegravir or dolutegravir) x 28 days
Notification: OSHA 300; CDC NNDSS (HIV nationally notifiable); state WC
3B01
M(5) Other Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) — occupational
3B AIRBORNE / RESPIRATORYLatent TB infection (LTBI), active pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary TB
OSHA std OSHA TB Compliance Directive CPL 02-02-078 (1996; respiratory protection 1910.134)
ICD-10-CM A15.0 · A15.9 · Z20.1 · Z57.5
Key exposures: Healthcare personnel (especially correctional, homeless services, ID); Correctional officers; Homeless services personnel; Lab workers handling MTB cultures; First responders responding to congregate settings
Biological markers: IGRA (T-SPOT.TB or QuantiFERON) preferred over TST in BCG-vaccinated; Chest X-ray if positive
Screening: CDC MMWR 2019 (Sosa et al): baseline IGRA at hire for HCP; annual NOT recommended unless ongoing exposure
Notification: OSHA 300; CDC NNDSS (active TB nationally notifiable); state WC; state public health TB control
3B02
M(5) Other Avian influenza A H5N1 (HPAI) — occupational zoonotic
3B AIRBORNE / RESPIRATORYConjunctivitis, mild respiratory illness, severe ARDS in rare cases
ICD-10-CM J09.X9 · Z20.828
Key exposures: Poultry workers (broiler, layer, breeder operations); Dairy workers (US 2024-2026 dairy H5N1 outbreak — first mammalian dairy transmission); Wildlife / wild bird response personnel; Veterinarians and lab personnel
Biological markers: RT-PCR from conjunctival or respiratory swab; Serology (HI or microneutralization)
Post-exposure: Oseltamivir prophylaxis per CDC; PPE per CDC HAI guidance (eye protection critical)
Notification: OSHA 300; CDC HAN; state public health; USDA APHIS for animal cases
State workers'-comp overlays (2)
- US-CA — Mandatory state reporting + cluster investigation CDPH H5N1 dairy worker investigation 2024-2025 · applies when: CA dairy or poultry worker
- US-TX — State investigation per CDC guidance TDSHS surveillance protocol · applies when: TX dairy or poultry worker
3C01
M(5) Other Brucella spp.
3C ZOONOTICBrucellosis (undulant fever): fever, sweats, arthralgia, hepatosplenomegaly, endocarditis (severe)
ICD-10-CM A23.9 · Z20.821
Key exposures: Slaughterhouse workers (cattle, swine, goats); Veterinarians, lab workers; Dairy workers (raw milk); Hunters (feral swine — wild Suis brucellosis)
Biological markers: Serology (Brucella agglutination), blood culture, PCR
Notification: OSHA 300; CDC NNDSS; state public health; USDA APHIS animal cases
3C02
M(5) Other Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
3C ZOONOTICAcute Q fever (pneumonia, hepatitis), chronic Q fever (endocarditis)
ICD-10-CM A78 · Z20.828
Key exposures: Livestock workers (especially small ruminants — sheep/goats parturition); Slaughterhouse personnel; Lab workers (highest risk — Coxiella BSL-3); Veterinarians; Wool/hide handlers
Biological markers: Serology IgM and IgG to phase I and phase II antigens; PCR from blood
Notification: OSHA 300; CDC NNDSS; state public health; military notification (Iraq/Afghanistan veterans)
3C03
M(5) Other Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
3C ZOONOTICEarly localized (erythema migrans), early disseminated (carditis, neurologic), late (arthritis, post-treatment Lyme)
ICD-10-CM A69.20 · A69.21 · A69.22 · A69.23
Key exposures: Outdoor workers in endemic Northeast/Mid-Atlantic/upper Midwest: forestry, surveying, utility line work, park rangers, landscapers, agricultural
Biological markers: 2-tier serology (ELISA + Western Blot) per CDC; PCR limited
Notification: OSHA 300; state public health (most states reportable); state WC
3C04
M(5) Other Rabies (rhabdovirus)
3C ZOONOTICAcute progressive encephalitis (~100% fatal once symptomatic)
ICD-10-CM A82.9 · Z20.3
Key exposures: Veterinarians and staff; Animal control officers; Wildlife biologists, spelunkers; Lab workers handling rabies virus
Biological markers: Anti-rabies neutralizing antibody titer (>0.5 IU/mL = adequate)
Post-exposure: PEP per ACIP 2022: 2 doses if previously vaccinated; 4 doses + HRIG if not
Notification: OSHA 300; state public health; CDC NNDSS for human cases
3D01
M(2) Respiratory or M(5) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) — occupational
3D EMERGING / PANDEMICAcute COVID-19, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC / Long COVID)
OSHA std OSHA Healthcare ETS (sunset 2022 except recordkeeping); 1910.1030 BBP does not include SARS-CoV-2; General Duty Clause §5(a)(1)
ICD-10-CM U07.1 · U09.9 · Z20.822
Key exposures: Healthcare personnel (highest risk in early pandemic); Long-term care personnel; Correctional officers; Meatpacking workers (cluster outbreaks 2020); First responders; Public transit personnel; Retail and grocery workers (essential designation)
Biological markers: RT-PCR, antigen test, antibody (post-infection vs post-vaccine differentiation: N protein vs S protein)
Notification: OSHA 300 (per OSHA enforcement memos); CDC NNDSS; state public health; OSHA 1904.39 if hospitalization/fatality work-related
State workers'-comp overlays (3)
- US-CA — Rebuttable presumption of work-relatedness for COVID-19 in covered occupations EXPIRED effective January 1, 2024 — no new claims under SB 1159 presumption after that date. Pre-2024 claims continue. AB 685 notification obligations separate and ongoing. CA SB 1159 (2020, original sunset Jan 1, 2023; AB 1751 (2022) extended sunset to Jan 1, 2024); AB 685 (2020) employer notification (not WC presumption, ongoing) · applies when: CA worker — historical (pre-2024) claims
- US-NY — HERO Act COVID-19 airborne infectious disease designation ended March 17, 2022 — no current obligation to enforce COVID exposure prevention plans. HERO Act framework remains for future airborne infectious disease designations. WC presumptions for HCP/first responders varied 2020-2022. NY HERO Act 2021 (signed May 5, 2021; COVID-19 designation Sept 6, 2021); designation ENDED March 17, 2022 · applies when: NY worker — historical (pre-March 2022) claims under HERO designation
- US-IL — Rebuttable presumption for essential workers covered March-December 2020 (initial diagnosis dates); subsequently restricted by HB 4276 (2021) to first responders + frontline essential workers; presumption sunset by 2022. IL HB 2455 (2020) workers' comp COVID-19 presumption · applies when: IL essential worker — historical (2020-2021) claims
3D02
M(5) Other Mpox (monkeypox virus, MPXV)
3D EMERGING / PANDEMICMpox: vesiculopustular rash, lymphadenopathy, fever
ICD-10-CM B04 · Z20.828
Key exposures: Healthcare personnel caring for mpox patients; Laboratory personnel handling MPXV; Veterinarians (mpox in mammalian hosts); Public health investigators
Biological markers: MPXV PCR from lesion swab; orthopoxvirus IgG
Post-exposure: JYNNEOS PEP within 4 days (ideally) to 14 days post-exposure
Notification: OSHA 300; CDC NNDSS (mpox nationally notifiable 2022); state public health
Group 4 — Diseases caused by inhalation of substances not classified elsewhere (pneumoconioses, occupational asthma, HP) 11 entries
4A01
M(2) Respiratory Silica (respirable crystalline)
4A PNEUMOCONIOSESSilicosis (simple chronic, accelerated, acute, PMF), silicotuberculosis, COPD, autoimmune disease (silicosis-scleroderma)
OSHA PEL 50 ug/m3 TWA respirable crystalline silica (29 CFR 1910.1053 general industry; 1926.1153 construction — 2016 standard) NIOSH REL 50 ug/m3 TWA (same as OSHA)
ICD-10-CM J62.8 · J65 · J68.1 · M34.83
Key exposures: Stone fabrication (engineered stone / quartz countertops — EPIDEMIC of accelerated silicosis 2018-2026 in CA, FL, TX, NY); Sandblasting (abrasive blasting — banned for many uses); Construction (concrete/masonry cutting, drilling); Mining and quarrying; Foundry work; Hydraulic fracturing (frac sand operations)
Biological markers: Chest X-ray with ILO classification by NIOSH B-reader (small rounded opacities upper zones); HRCT in symptomatic cases; PFT (restrictive +/- obstructive)
NIOSH: NIOSH WoRLD silicosis surveillance; California Silicosis Surveillance Program (post-engineered stone epidemic)
Notification: OSHA 300 M(2); state silicosis registry (MI, NJ, CA reportable); state WC; NIOSH HHE if outbreak
State workers'-comp overlays (1)
- US-CA — Wet methods mandatory; HEPA vacuum mandatory; medical surveillance enhanced; mandatory reporting to CDPH Cal/OSHA Emergency Standard for Engineered Stone (8 CCR 5204 enhanced) — September 2023 with permanent rulemaking · applies when: CA engineered stone fabrication
4A02
M(2) Respiratory Asbestos (all fiber types)
4A PNEUMOCONIOSESAsbestosis, pleural plaques, diffuse pleural thickening, benign asbestos pleural effusion. Mesothelioma + lung cancer in Group 6.
OSHA PEL 0.1 fiber/cc TWA + 1 f/cc 30-min excursion (29 CFR 1910.1001 + 1915.1001 + 1926.1101) NIOSH REL 0.1 f/cc TWA
ICD-10-CM J61 · J92.0 · J94.8
Key exposures: Insulation work (legacy); Shipbuilding (especially WWII era); Construction trades — demolition/renovation of pre-1980 buildings; Asbestos abatement; Auto brake repair (legacy); 9/11 WTC responders/survivors
Biological markers: Chest X-ray ILO classification (B-reader): irregular opacities lower zones; pleural plaques; HRCT; PFT (restrictive); Fiber burden analysis (lung biopsy — historical)
NIOSH: NIOSH WoRLD asbestosis tracking; CDC ATSDR asbestos community surveillance
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; EPA AHERA (asbestos in schools); EPA TSCA final rule 89 FR 21970 (March 28, 2024; effective May 28, 2024) chrysotile ban; WTC Health Program if 9/11 eligible
4A03
M(2) Respiratory Coal mine dust
4A PNEUMOCONIOSESCoal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP simple and complicated/PMF), 'Black Lung'; dust-related diffuse fibrosis; COPD
MSHA MSHA 30 CFR Parts 70, 71, 72, 75, 90 — dust standard 1.5 mg/m3 (lowered from 2.0 in 2014 final rule)
ICD-10-CM J60 · J64
Key exposures: Underground coal mining; Surface coal mining (less risk); Coal handling
Biological markers: Chest X-ray ILO classification by NIOSH B-reader (small rounded opacities upper zones — different from silica which has more nodular); Spirometry
NIOSH: NIOSH Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) — free X-ray and spirometry; resurgence of CWP in central Appalachia documented 2010s-2020s
Notification: MSHA reporting; OWCP Black Lung Benefits Act claim (federal); state WC
State workers'-comp overlays (3)
- US-PA — PA hosts largest US Black Lung claimant cohort (anthracite NE + bituminous SW); state-level Black Lung benefits supplement federal OWCP; OWCP regional offices intensive; silica co-exposure common in PA mines PA anthracite + bituminous coalfields; PA WC Black Lung Section · applies when: PA coal mining history active or retired
- US-WV — WV has dedicated Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board for state WC claims; central Appalachia CWP resurgence epicenter (rapid progressive PMF in younger miners 2010s-2020s, silica-driven) WV coalfields + WV Occupational Pneumoconiosis Board · applies when: WV coal miner
- US-KY — Eastern KY central Appalachia CWP resurgence; KY Pneumoconiosis program; note RECA 2025 (Pub L 119-21) added KY Manhattan Project Waste communities separately KY coalfields + RECA 2025 expansion overlap (MPW communities) · applies when: KY coal miner
4A04
M(2) Respiratory Hard metal (tungsten carbide + cobalt)
4A PNEUMOCONIOSESHard metal lung disease (giant cell interstitial pneumonia, GIP); occupational asthma to cobalt
OSHA PEL Cobalt 0.1 mg/m3 TWA; Tungsten general dust NIOSH REL Cobalt 0.05 mg/m3 TWA (carcinogen consideration)
ICD-10-CM J84.114 · J45.998
Key exposures: Tungsten carbide tool manufacture (saw blades, drill bits); Diamond polishing with cobalt-tungsten binders; Grinding of hard metal tools
Biological markers: BAL with multinucleated giant cells (cannonball cells); HRCT with peripheral GGO and reticulation
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
4B01
M(2) Respiratory Occupational asthma — HMW sensitizers (proteins, animal-derived, latex, flour)
4B OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMASensitizer-induced occupational asthma; work-related allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
OSHA std No federal occupational asthma standard — substance-specific where applicable
ICD-10-CM J45.998 · J30.81
Key exposures: Bakers (wheat flour — Baker's asthma); Lab animal workers (rat, mouse urinary proteins); Healthcare (latex prior to powder-free transition); Veterinarians; Pharmaceutical (psyllium); Detergent enzyme manufacture
Biological markers: Spirometry (pre/post shift, serial peak flow 4x/day with work diary); Methacholine challenge; Specific IgE; Specific inhalation challenge (specialized centers)
NIOSH: NIOSH WoRLD Occupational Asthma Surveillance
Notification: OSHA 300; state surveillance (CA SENSOR-Asthma, MI, MA, NJ); state WC
State workers'-comp overlays (1)
- US-CA — Mandatory reporting by physicians of work-related asthma cases CA SENSOR-Asthma surveillance program (CDPH) · applies when: CA work-related asthma diagnosis
4B02
M(2) Respiratory Occupational asthma — LMW sensitizers (isocyanates, anhydrides, persulfates, metals, drugs)
4B OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMASensitizer-induced occupational asthma — LMW; reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) from high-level exposure
ICD-10-CM J45.998 · J68.3
Key exposures: Spray polyurethane foam (isocyanates); Hairdressing (persulfate bleaches); Auto refinish painting; Solder fume (colophony/rosin); Pharmaceutical manufacture
Biological markers: Specific inhalation challenge (gold standard but rare in US); Serial peak flow + spirometry; Specific IgE inconsistently available for LMW
Notification: OSHA 300; state SENSOR-Asthma; state WC
4B03
M(2) Respiratory Work-exacerbated asthma (pre-existing asthma worsened by workplace)
4B OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMAWork-exacerbated asthma (WEA) — pre-existing asthma exacerbated by irritants or allergens at work
ICD-10-CM J45.901
Key exposures: Cleaning products (chlorine bleach, ammonia, QUATS); Construction dust; Diesel exhaust; Cold air
Biological markers: Improvement away from work documented; peak flow correlation
Notification: OSHA 300; state SENSOR-Asthma; state WC
4C01
M(2) Respiratory Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) — multiple antigens
4C HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITISHP: acute (fevers, dyspnea, restrictive), chronic (fibrotic, indistinguishable from IPF if advanced)
ICD-10-CM J67.0 · J67.1 · J67.8 · J67.9
Key exposures: Farmers (moldy hay — Farmer's lung); Bird breeders/owners (Bird fancier's lung); Hot tub maintenance (Hot tub lung — atypical mycobacteria); Maple bark stripping; Metal-working fluid mist (machinist's lung); Mushroom workers; Dental ultrasonic cleaning (legionella)
Biological markers: Serum precipitins to suspected antigen; BAL lymphocytosis; HRCT (ground glass, head cheese, centrilobular nodules)
NIOSH: NIOSH WoRLD HP; NIOSH HHE for cluster investigation
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; NIOSH HHE
4D01
M(2) Respiratory Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione (popcorn lung)
4D OTHER INHALATIONBronchiolitis obliterans ('popcorn lung'); obstructive lung disease
OSHA PEL None federal — NIOSH RELs proposed NIOSH REL 5 ppb TWA diacetyl; 9.3 ppb TWA 2,3-pentanedione; 25 ppb STEL diacetyl
ICD-10-CM J44.0 · J84.89
Key exposures: Microwave popcorn manufacture (flavoring application); Flavoring manufacture; Coffee roasting and grinding (diacetyl natural); E-cigarette / vape juice production (legacy concern)
Biological markers: Serial spirometry (fixed obstruction); HRCT mosaic attenuation
NIOSH: NIOSH Criteria Document 2016
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; NIOSH HHE
4D02
M(2) Respiratory Welding fume (mixed)
4D OTHER INHALATIONMetal fume fever (acute zinc oxide), siderosis, COPD, increased pneumonia susceptibility (welder's pneumonia)
OSHA PEL Substance-specific (Mn, Cr, Ni) NIOSH REL Substance-specific
ICD-10-CM T59.91XA · J92.9 · J44.9
Key exposures: All welding processes — particularly stainless (Cr/Ni/Mn fume), galvanized (Zn), aluminum, magnesium
Biological markers: Substance-specific where applicable; Chest X-ray (siderosis benign opacities)
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
4D03
M(2) or M(5) World Trade Center (9/11) dust exposure
4D OTHER INHALATIONWTC cough, RADS, sinusitis, GERD, ILD, chronic rhinosinusitis, post-traumatic stress co-morbidity
ICD-10-CM J45.998 · K21.9 · J84.9 · J32.9 · F43.10
Key exposures: First responders Sept 11 2001; Recovery and cleanup workers; Lower Manhattan residents and workers (survivors)
Biological markers: WTC Health Program annual exam (CT chest, PFT, mental health screen)
Notification: WTC Health Program enrollment (Zadroga Act); does NOT require state WC
Group 5 — Occupational skin diseases not classified elsewhere 5 entries
5A01
M(1) Skin disorder Allergic contact dermatitis — Type IV hypersensitivity
5A CONTACT DERMATITISAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD)
ICD-10-CM L23.0-L23.9
Key exposures: Healthcare (gloves — accelerators not latex post-2010); Hairdressing (PPD, persulfates, fragrances); Construction (chromate in cement, epoxy resins); Metal work (nickel, cobalt); Cleaning (preservatives, fragrance)
Biological markers: Patch testing T.R.U.E. test or extended series (gold standard for diagnosis)
NIOSH: BLS SOII skin disorders; state SENSOR-Dermatitis (CA, MA, NJ, NY)
Notification: OSHA 300 M(1); state WC
5A02
M(1) Skin disorder Irritant contact dermatitis
5A CONTACT DERMATITISIrritant contact dermatitis (ICD)
ICD-10-CM L24.0-L24.9
Key exposures: Wet work (healthcare, food service, hairdressing); Solvents; Detergents and disinfectants; Cement (alkaline); Acids and alkalis
Biological markers: Negative patch testing; clinical correlation; symptom-exposure-improvement diary
Notification: OSHA 300 M(1); state WC
5B01
M(1) Chloracne / MADISH (Metabolizing Acquired Dioxin Induced Skin Hamartomas)
5B OTHER SKINChloracne from PCB/PCDD/PCDF exposure
ICD-10-CM L70.8
Key exposures: PCB/dioxin manufacture (legacy); Industrial accidents (Seveso, Yusho, Yu-cheng); Herbicide manufacture (TCDD trace contamination — Agent Orange historical); Transformer servicing pre-1979
Biological markers: Adipose tissue PCB/dioxin (research only)
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; VA Agent Orange registry if veteran
5B02
M(1) Cement burns (chemical burns)
5B OTHER SKINAlkali chemical burns from prolonged skin contact with wet cement
ICD-10-CM T26.5XXA · L24.7
Key exposures: Construction concrete workers (especially knee contact, deep burns)
Biological markers: Clinical
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
5B03
M(5) Other (cancer recording is complex; many outdoor cancers not specifically attributed) Occupational skin cancer (UV) — non-melanoma
5B OTHER SKINCutaneous BCC and SCC in outdoor workers (face, neck, dorsal hands)
ICD-10-CM C44.x
Key exposures: Construction (especially roofers); Agriculture; Postal carriers; Park rangers / forestry; Maritime
Biological markers: Total skin exam annually for high-exposure outdoor workers (ACOEM consensus)
Notification: Cancer registries (SEER for tracked sites); state WC (rare claim approval); some state presumption laws emerging
Group 6 — Diseases caused by occupational carcinogens (IARC Group 1 + NTP RoC occupational entries) 9 entries
6A01
M(5) Other illness Mesothelioma (asbestos-related)
6A OCCUPATIONAL CANCERSMalignant pleural mesothelioma; malignant peritoneal mesothelioma; malignant pericardial / tunica vaginalis mesothelioma
ICD-10-CM C45.0 · C45.1 · C45.2
Key exposures: See asbestos exposure list (4A02); even very low exposures associated with mesothelioma; latency 20-50 years
IARC: Group 1 — asbestos all forms (since 1977/2012 reaffirmation)
Biological markers: Pleural fluid cytology + cell block (calretinin, podoplanin, WT-1, mesothelin); Pleural biopsy with immunohistochemistry
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; state cancer registries (SEER); 9/11 WTCHP if eligible; OWCP if federal worker
6A02
M(5) Lung cancer — occupational (multiple agents)
6A OCCUPATIONAL CANCERSLung cancer attributable to occupational exposure
ICD-10-CM C34.x
Key exposures: Asbestos (all subtypes; synergistic with smoking ~50x); Crystalline silica (IARC 1 since 1997); Cr(VI) (IARC 1); Nickel refining (IARC 1); Arsenic (IARC 1); Cadmium (IARC 1); Beryllium (IARC 1); Diesel engine exhaust (IARC 1 since 2012); Bis(chloromethyl) ether (BCME); Hardwood dust (sinonasal; lung weaker); Plutonium (IARC 1); Radon (uranium mining; also residential); Tobacco smoke + occupational combined risk
IARC: Multiple Group 1 agents
Biological markers: LDCT lung screening for eligible (USPSTF B 50-80, >=20 pack-years)
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; state cancer registries; WTCHP if 9/11
6A03
M(5) Bladder cancer — aromatic amines
6A OCCUPATIONAL CANCERSUrothelial carcinoma of bladder from occupational aromatic amine exposure
ICD-10-CM C67.x
Key exposures: Benzidine and benzidine-based dyes (largely banned); 2-Naphthylamine (banned 1977 OSHA); 4-Aminobiphenyl (banned); Auramine production; MOCA — 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline); Rubber industry (legacy aromatic amine exposure); Dye manufacture; Aluminum production
IARC: Group 1 — multiple aromatic amines
Biological markers: Urine cytology screening in known exposed (limited sensitivity)
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; SEER
6A04
M(5) Hematologic malignancies (benzene, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene)
6A OCCUPATIONAL CANCERSAcute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), non-Hodgkin lymphoma
ICD-10-CM C92.0 · C92.9 · D46.9 · C85.9
Key exposures: Benzene (AML, MDS — IARC 1); Ethylene oxide (NHL, AML, breast cancer — IARC 1); Formaldehyde (myeloid leukemia, NPC — IARC 1); 1,3-Butadiene (CML — IARC 1)
Biological markers: CBC surveillance; t(9;22) and other cytogenetics in established cases
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; SEER
6A05
M(5) Sinonasal cancer (wood dust, leather dust, formaldehyde)
6A OCCUPATIONAL CANCERSSinonasal adenocarcinoma + SCC
ICD-10-CM C30.0 · C31.x
Key exposures: Hardwood dust (IARC 1) — furniture, cabinetry; Leather dust (boot/shoe making — historical); Nickel (IARC 1); Formaldehyde (NPC — IARC 1)
Biological markers: Nasal endoscopy if symptomatic; CT/MRI if mass
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; SEER
6A06
M(5) Laryngeal cancer (asbestos — IARC 2012 elevation)
6A OCCUPATIONAL CANCERSLaryngeal SCC associated with asbestos exposure
ICD-10-CM C32.x
Key exposures: Asbestos — IARC reclassified larynx as causally associated 2012
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; WTCHP
6A07
M(5) Hepatic angiosarcoma (vinyl chloride monomer)
6A OCCUPATIONAL CANCERSHepatic angiosarcoma (rare, near-pathognomonic for occupational VCM exposure)
ICD-10-CM C22.3
Key exposures: PVC monomer manufacture (sealed since OSHA 1974 rule 1910.1017)
IARC: Group 1
Biological markers: LFTs, AFP, imaging if exposure history
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC; SEER
6B01
M(5) Firefighter occupational cancer (state-presumption family)
6B FIREFIGHTER CANCER PRESUMPTIONSMultiple cancer types causally linked to firefighter exposures (PFAS, combustion byproducts, asbestos in legacy fires, diesel exhaust)
ICD-10-CM C-series various
Key exposures: Structural firefighters; Wildland firefighters; Aircraft rescue firefighters
IARC: Group 1 — Occupation of firefighting (IARC 2022 upgrade from 2A to 1)
Presumption cancers: Bladder cancer, Mesothelioma, Testicular cancer, Kidney cancer, Lung cancer (non-smokers), Multiple myeloma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Leukemia, Brain cancer, Prostate cancer (newer additions), Breast cancer (women firefighters), Colorectal cancer
Notification: State WC presumption claim; state firefighter cancer registry (where exists); WTCHP if 9/11
State workers'-comp overlays (15)
- US-CA — CA Labor Code §3212.1 establishes firefighter cancer presumption using the IARC framework rather than an enumerated cancer list — covers any cancer that develops in active firefighters and former firefighters within the statutory window after employment if a known carcinogen the firefighter was exposed to is reasonably linked to the cancer. AB 1101 (2019) and subsequent amendments expanded covered employers; requires generally 5+ years of service. Note: prior version of this overlay stated '~14 cancers' enumerated — corrected: CA uses framework approach not list CA Labor Code §3212.1 + AB 1101 (2020 additions) + SB 1180 · applies when: CA firefighter active or retired within statute window
- US-NY — Cancer presumption for FDNY and other career firefighters; covers ~14 cancers NY GML §207-kk (2019 expansion); RPL §3-b · applies when: NY firefighter career
- US-TX — Cancer presumption for FF including testicular, prostate, NHL, leukemia, MM, lung, brain, bladder, kidney, breast TX GVC §607.055 (Texas WC presumption) · applies when: TX firefighter career 5+ years
- US-FL — 21 cancers presumption for FL FF >=5 yrs service; mandates lump-sum payment or LTC benefits FL §112.1816 (Firefighter Cancer presumption) · applies when: FL career firefighter
- US-IL — Cancer presumption applies for IL FF; benefits via firefighter pension code IL Public Safety Employee Benefits Act 820 ILCS 320; Firefighter occupational disease act · applies when: IL firefighter pension-eligible
- US-NJ — Cancer presumption for firefighters with >=5 years service; covers ~20 enumerated cancers (NY-FL framework family) NJ Thomas P. Canzanella Twenty First Century First Responders Protection Act (P.L.2019, c.182) · applies when: NJ career firefighter active or retired within statutory window
- US-MA — Cancer presumption for firefighters >=5 yrs service; ~16 enumerated cancers per amendments MA G.L. c. 32 §94 + cancer presumption (1990 + amendments) · applies when: MA career firefighter
- US-WA — Cancer presumption for firefighters; HB 1913 expanded to ~14+ enumerated cancers WA RCW 51.32.185 + HB 1913 (2021) · applies when: WA career firefighter
- US-OR — Cancer presumption for firefighters >=5 yrs; SB 870 expanded eligibility OR ORS 656.802 + SB 870 (2021) · applies when: OR career firefighter
- US-CO — Cancer presumption for firefighters; heart-lung presumption broader CO Revised Statutes §8-41-209 (cancer + heart-lung presumption) · applies when: CO career firefighter
- US-MN — Cancer presumption for firefighters; HF8 (2024) expanded coverage Minn. Stat. §299A.465 + §176.011 + HF8 (2024) · applies when: MN career firefighter
- US-AZ — Cancer presumption for firefighters AZ ARS §23-901.06 + §38-1102 · applies when: AZ career firefighter
- US-VA — Cancer presumption for firefighters; HB 1389 (2020) expanded covered cancers VA Code §65.2-402 + §65.2-402.1 + HB 1389 (2020) · applies when: VA career firefighter
- US-MI — Cancer presumption + heart-lung presumption for firefighters MCL 418.405 + 418.401(2)(d) · applies when: MI career firefighter
- US-PA — Cancer presumption for firefighters PA Act 46 of 2011 + Act 184 of 2014 · applies when: PA career firefighter
6C01
M(5) Ionizing radiation-induced cancers (multiple sites)
6C RADIATION CANCERSRadiation-induced leukemia, thyroid, breast, lung, GI cancers
ICD-10-CM C-series
Key exposures: Atomic Veterans / DOE nuclear weapons workers (EEOICPA covered); Uranium miners (Radiation Exposure Compensation Act RECA — reauthorized + expanded Pub L 119-21 §§100201-205 (July 4, 2025); ID/UT/NM downwinders + post-1971 uranium workers + new MPW program MO/KY/TN/AK; filing deadline Dec 31, 2027); Medical/nuclear medicine workers (LSS data); 9/11 cleanup ash exposures
Federal compensation: EEOICPA (Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act) — DOE/AWE site workers, lump-sum + medical; RECA (Radiation Exposure Compensation Act) — atomic veterans, uranium miners, downwinders; VA Agent Orange / Atomic Veterans presumption
Notification: OWCP EEOICPA / RECA; OSHA 300; state WC; VA if veteran
Group 7 — Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) — US-SPECIFIC EXTENSION (not in RD 1299/2006) 5 entries
7A01
M(5) Other (musculoskeletal disorders are M(5) since 2014 rule) Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) — work-related
7A UPPER LIMB WMSDMedian nerve compression at the wrist with paresthesia, weakness, nocturnal symptoms
OSHA std No federal ergonomic standard since 2001 Ergonomics Rule revocation; OSHA Ergonomic Guidelines (voluntary)
ICD-10-CM G56.00 · G56.01 · G56.02
Key exposures: Repetitive forceful hand exertion (assembly, meat/poultry processing); Sustained pinch grip; Vibrating tools; Awkward wrist posture (data entry — less consistent evidence)
Biological markers: Nerve conduction study (gold standard); Phalen, Tinel, Durkan compression tests
NIOSH: BLS SOII MSD; California SENSOR-CTS surveillance
Notification: OSHA 300 M(5); state WC
State workers'-comp overlays (1)
- US-CA — Employer must address RMI / WMSD when 2+ predictable WMSDs occur in workers performing identical work in 12 months Cal/OSHA Ergonomic Standard 8 CCR 5110 (only state standard) · applies when: CA workplace meeting threshold
7A02
M(5) Rotator cuff syndrome / impingement
7A UPPER LIMB WMSDRotator cuff tendinopathy, partial- and full-thickness tears
ICD-10-CM M75.1x · M75.4x
Key exposures: Overhead work (construction, electricians, painters); Repetitive shoulder work (manufacturing assembly); Heavy lifting
Biological markers: Physical exam (Neer, Hawkins, painful arc); MRI if surgical consideration
Notification: OSHA 300 M(5); state WC
7A03
M(5) Lateral and medial epicondylitis
7A UPPER LIMB WMSDLateral epicondylitis ('tennis elbow'), medial epicondylitis ('golfer's elbow')
ICD-10-CM M77.1x · M77.0x
Key exposures: Repetitive forceful gripping with extended wrist; Plumbers, carpenters, butchers, electricians
Biological markers: Cozen's test; Mill's test; pain on resisted wrist extension
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
7B01
M(5) Work-related low back disorders
7B BACK / SPINE WMSDLow back pain with mechanical or radicular features; herniated lumbar disc with radiculopathy
OSHA std No federal ergonomic standard; NIOSH Lifting Equation (RWL) is voluntary risk assessment
ICD-10-CM M54.5x · M51.16 · M51.17
Key exposures: Manual material handling (warehouse, healthcare patient handling); Whole body vibration (truck drivers, heavy equipment); Prolonged static postures (sitting and standing)
Biological markers: MRI lumbar if red flags or surgical consideration; EMG if radiculopathy
NIOSH: BLS SOII back injuries leading category of WMSD lost-time
Notification: OSHA 300 M(5); state WC
7B02
M(5) Healthcare patient handling injuries
7B BACK / SPINE WMSDWork-related low back and shoulder injuries in healthcare from patient handling
ICD-10-CM M54.5x · M75.1x
Key exposures: Nurses, nursing aides, physical therapists, EMS
NIOSH: NIOSH safe patient handling: lifting >35 lbs of patient weight requires mechanical assist
Notification: OSHA 300; state WC
State overlays: 11+ states have safe patient handling laws (CA, IL, NY, etc.)
State workers'-comp overlays (3)
- US-CA — Mandatory safe patient handling policy in all CA acute care hospitals; mandatory lift equipment CA AB 1136 (2011) Safe Patient Handling in Hospitals · applies when: CA hospital
- US-NY — Mandatory safe patient handling program in healthcare facilities NY Public Health Law §2997-h Safe Patient Handling 2014 · applies when: NY healthcare facility
- US-IL — Mandatory program with employee involvement IL Hospital Safe Patient Handling Act 210 ILCS 85/6.25 · applies when: IL hospital
Group 8 — Work-related mental health conditions and PTSD — US-SPECIFIC EXTENSION (high state-presumption activity) 3 entries
8A01
M(5) First responder PTSD — work-related
8A PTSD / TRAUMATIC STRESSPost-traumatic stress disorder from occupational critical incidents
ICD-10-CM F43.10 · F43.11 · F43.12
Key exposures: Firefighters; EMS personnel; Police officers; Corrections officers; Dispatchers (911 telecommunicators); Emergency department staff; Combat veterans (VA jurisdiction)
Biological markers: PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist DSM-5); CAPS-5 if clinician-administered
Notification: State WC; many states have presumption laws (see overlays); EAP referral standard
State workers'-comp overlays (14)
- US-CA — Rebuttable PTSD presumption for FF and peace officers; extended sunset 2025-2029 CA SB 542 (2019) Labor Code §3212.15 — PTSD presumption for FF/peace officers · applies when: CA FF or peace officer during covered period
- US-FL — Workers' comp covers mental injury in first responders even without physical injury (departure from physical-injury-first rule) FL §112.1815 (2018) — first responder mental injury · applies when: FL first responder
- US-NY — Specific WC procedural rules; no broad presumption but case law favorable NY WC Board PTSD claims for first responders · applies when: NY first responder
- US-IL — PTSD claims considered; treatment funding via state grants IL First Responder Suicide Prevention Act + WC · applies when: IL first responder
- US-NJ — Rebuttable presumption of work-related PTSD for first responders exposed to qualifying critical incidents NJ A1116 (2019) — first responder PTSD presumption · applies when: NJ first responder with PTSD post-qualifying event
- US-MA — PTSD presumption for first responders following qualifying critical incident; WC indemnity + medical MA Chapter 41 §111F + 2018 amendments · applies when: MA first responder
- US-WA — PTSD presumption for firefighters, law enforcement officers, and EMS personnel WA RCW 51.32.185(1)(b) (2018+) · applies when: WA first responder
- US-OR — PTSD claims for first responders; presumption framework developing post-2019 OR ORS 656.802 + mental disorder provisions · applies when: OR first responder
- US-CO — PTSD presumption for first responders post-qualifying event; treatment funding CO HB17-1229 (2017) + amendments · applies when: CO first responder
- US-MN — PTSD presumption for first responders and corrections officers Minn. Stat. §176.011, subd. 15 (2018+) · applies when: MN first responder or corrections officer
- US-AZ — PTSD coverage for first responders; presumption + treatment access AZ ARS §23-901.09 (first responder mental health) · applies when: AZ first responder
- US-VA — PTSD presumption for first responders following qualifying event VA Code §65.2-107 (2020+) · applies when: VA first responder
- US-MI — PTSD claims considered for first responders; case-specific WC determination MI first responder PTSD WC provisions · applies when: MI first responder
- US-PA — PTSD/PTSI presumption for first responders and corrections officers PA Act 41 of 2022 — PTSI/PTSD presumption · applies when: PA first responder or corrections officer
8B01
M(5) or as injury per case Acute injury or psychological trauma from workplace violence
8B OCCUPATIONAL VIOLENCEPhysical injury or acute stress reaction from workplace violence (Type I criminal, Type II customer/client, Type III worker-on-worker, Type IV personal relationship)
OSHA std No federal workplace violence standard; OSHA Workplace Violence in Healthcare and Social Service guidance + active rulemaking
ICD-10-CM Y07.x · T74.x · F43.0 · F43.10
Key exposures: Healthcare (Type II most common — ED, psych, long-term care); Retail/convenience store (Type I robbery); Social services (Type II); Education (multiple types); Public-facing roles
Biological markers: Acute stress disorder screening if traumatic event
Notification: OSHA 300; OSHA 1904.39 if hospitalization/fatality; state WC; law enforcement if criminal
State workers'-comp overlays (3)
- US-CA — Mandatory written workplace violence prevention plan for healthcare + general industry as of July 2024 Cal/OSHA 8 CCR 3342 Workplace Violence Prevention in Healthcare (2017); SB 553 General Industry WVPP 2024 · applies when: CA covered employer
- US-NY — Public employers must conduct WV risk evaluation + written program NYS Public Employer Workplace Violence Prevention Act (2009) · applies when: NY public employer
- US-IL — Healthcare facilities must implement WV prevention program IL Health Care Worker Violence Prevention Act 2018 · applies when: IL healthcare facility
8C01
M(5) — disputed whether burnout is recordable Occupational burnout — healthcare and high-stress sectors
8C BURNOUT / SECOND VICTIMBurnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, low personal accomplishment); secondary traumatic stress; second victim phenomenon
ICD-10-CM Z73.0 · F43.8
Key exposures: Healthcare (HCP burnout heightened post-COVID); EMS and first responders; Teachers (rising 2020-2026); Mental health professionals; Social workers
Biological markers: Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) — preferred public domain; Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) — Mind Garden copyright (avoid for SEED)
Notification: Rarely OSHA 300 (recordability disputed); state WC (rare approval); EAP / wellness program; ACGME wellness for residents
Federal occupational-disease programs
Carve-outs that run outside the state workers'-comp system, with their own eligibility and benefits.
WTCHP
World Trade Center Health Program — federally-funded monitoring and treatment for 9/11 responders and survivors under the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act.
James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act →EEOICPA
Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act — lump-sum + medical benefits for DOE nuclear-weapons / energy workers (paired with the DOE Former Worker screening program).
EEOICPA + DOE FWP →Black Lung Benefits Act
Coal-miner pneumoconiosis benefits administered by the OWCP (Office of Workers' Compensation Programs), separate from state systems.
30 USC §901 et seq. →50-state workers'-comp presumption laws
Workers' comp presumption laws shift the burden of proof: instead of the worker proving work causation, the disease is PRESUMED work-related for covered occupations unless the employer/insurer rebuts. Most common categories: firefighter cancer (~48 states with some form), first responder PTSD (~30 states), heart-lung (FF and LEO, ~40 states), COVID-19 essential worker (most states had emergency presumptions 2020-2022, many sunsetted or restricted).
State variation is the rule, not the exception. Firefighter cancer, first-responder PTSD and heart-lung presumptions differ in scope and covered conditions across states (e.g. CA, NY, TX). Flag: state variation — see the specific state workers' compensation commission.
Coding cross-reference — how diseases are catalogued
| Dimension | 🇺🇸 US | 🇬🇧 UK | 🇪🇸 ES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Closed legal list | None (synthesis) | IIDB PD A1–D12 | RD 1299/2006 |
| Coding scheme | ICD-10-CM + Y96/Z57.x | PD lettered codes | RD grupos 1–6 |
| Recording | OSHA 300 columns M(1)–M(5) | RIDDOR report to HSE | CEPROSS / parte EP |
| Compensation | 50-state WC + federal carve-outs | IIDB (centralized DWP) | Seguridad Social (centralized) |
US uses ICD-10-CM diagnostic codes plus Y96 (work environment) and Z57.x (occupational exposure) external-cause codes — there are no US-specific lettered disease codes as in the UK PD scheme or numbered groups as in ES RD 1299/2006.
Under the physician's clinical judgement
- OH provides advisory capability assessment + accommodation recommendations; the employer makes employment decisions (ACOEM Code of Ethical Conduct).
- The written opinion shares functional limitations only — never diagnoses (AMA Code of Medical Ethics Opinion 1.2.6 + HIPAA + ADA + GINA segregation).
- ADA medical-inquiry rules: no medical inquiry pre-offer; post-offer any inquiry if applied uniformly; current employees only if job-related and consistent with business necessity (29 CFR 1630.14).
- No patient data stored beyond statutory retention (OSHA medical records: employment + 30 years, 29 CFR 1910.1020).