FINDRISC

10-year type 2 diabetes risk screening.

Questionnaire validated in Finland (Lindstrom 2003) based on 8 factors: age, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, diet, antihypertensive drugs, prior hyperglycaemia and family history.

Lindstrom 2003 🇫🇮 Finlandia 8 items

How it works

What it measures

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes over the next 10 years — no blood test needed, using only history and a tape measure.

Scoring

Weighted sum of 8 items → 0 to 26 points. More points, higher risk.

The items

Age · <45: 0 · 45-54: 2 · 55-64: 3 · >64: 4

BMI · <25: 0 · 25-30: 1 · >30: 3

Waist circumference · M 94/102 · F 80/88 cm → 0/3/4

Physical activity ≥30 min/day · yes: 0 · no: 2

Daily vegetables/fruit · yes: 0 · no: 1

Antihypertensive medication · no: 0 · yes: 2

Ever had high blood glucose · no: 0 · yes: 5

Family history of diabetes · none: 0 · 2nd degree: 3 · 1st degree: 5

Interpretation

< 7 Low · ~1% (1 in 100)

Opportunistic screening every 3-5 years. Reinforce healthy habits.

7-11 Slightly elevated · ~4% (1/25)

Annual fasting glucose. Reinforce diet and physical activity.

12-14 Moderate · ~17% (1/6)

Fasting glucose + HbA1c. Structured lifestyle intervention (DPP).

15-20 High · ~33% (1/3)

Glucose + HbA1c + OGTT if unclear. Intensive programme. Reassess at 12 months.

> 20 Very high · ~50% (1/2)

Confirm HbA1c + glucose + OGTT. Possible established prediabetes/diabetes. Consider metformin per guidelines.

For guidance only; does not replace clinical judgement or confirmatory testing. Percentages are estimates from the original study (Lindström & Tuomilehto, 2003).

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